命有司大难，旁磔，出土牛，以送寒气。孔颖达疏曰：“正义曰：此月之时，命有司之官，大为难（傩）祭，令难（傩）去阴气，言大者，以季春唯国家之难（傩），仲秋唯天子之难（傩），此则下及庶人，故云‘大难（傩）’。”——《礼记·月令》

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